Parvovirus B19: A Different Kind of Pathogen

Blood transfusions halt lives. at that place is no other elan to rear it. There is no other way to stress its importance. With surface this service there would be no other way to save those who ar victims of gunshot wounds, accidents that effected in major lineage loss, surgeries that require transfusion and galore(postnominal) more medical procedures that require the accessibility of safe line.As mentioned earlier blood banks submit reached a level of sophistication that shadow assure safe blood processing, sterilisation, computer storage and finally transfusion. In information prove in the 12th International gathering on Immunology one buns suck that in the 20th century it is approximately impossible to find infected blood such as those having HIV, Hepatitis B and C computer computer viruses in blood banks (C.J. van Oss, 1995).Yet, in the same convention, the delegates had to agree that there ar still pathogens that could not be eliminated employ ceremonious methods. And one of those pathogens is called parvovirus B19, which is overly known as homophile parvovirus. It is indeed important to test for the nominal head of parvovirus B19 in donated blood. The importance of which will be seen later as introduction of the virus to at risk forbearings can be fatal. parvo B19According to Broliden, Tolfvenstam, & Norbeck (2006) B19 is thought to exclusively infect humans, and shows a pronounced tropism for erythroid precursors.Moreover, they added that with regards to transmittal shows a seasonal variation in temperature climates, organism more common during the winter and primeval spring B19 is normally transmitted with the respiratory route, but can also be transmitted vertically from the acquire to the foetus, through BM and organ tranplantations, and via transfused blood products (Broliden, Tolfvenstam, & Norbeck, 2006).A more technical description of the virus can be found in Murphy and Pamphilons work and the authors make the f ollowing remarks concerning the human parvovirusThe parvoviruses be one of the smallest desoxyribonucleic acid viruses that infect humans. They are very stable non-enveloped viruses that are rebarbative to many chemical and physical defusing techniques. Parvovirus B19 is the only definite fraction of the genus erythrovirus the virus replicates in erythroid progenitor cells (1995).In the world of Pediatrics, Katie Barnes advancedlights the following attributes of the virus1. Parvovirus B19 (human parvovirus) is the causative agent for erythema infectiosum or 5th disorder so named because it was the fifth disease to be describe with similar rashes wish measles, rubella, scarlet f invariably and roscola.2. It appears commonly as an erythermatous, macular, papular rash in a patient that otherwise is a febrile and hearty appearing.3. Due to the ever-present nature of the virus, residential area outbreaks are common. Infection is possible passim the year.4. Infection can fir mness in transient aplastic crisis (TAC) among children with he vehementitary haemolytic anemia like sickle cell disease, spherocytosis and thalassemia or marked immunosuppression.5. B19 infection among great(predicate) women has been linked to fetal infection and accompanying pregnancy loss and spontaneous abortion.6. B19 infection is widespread and occurs worldwide. School-aged children are most oftentimes affected and highest incidence can be found among children between 5 to 15 years of age (2003).In addition to the to a higher place here is another facet of the virus that informs on those who are at high risk when infected with B19 it does interfere with red cell production in the essence and a recipient with a salaried haemolytic anaemia whitethorn have a very abrupt and hard fall in haemoglobin when undefended to this virus. An immunologically impaired recipient of the virus may be unable to eliminate the virus, and loathly chronic anaemia may result (C.J. van Oss, 1 995).DetectionDetecting the presence of B19 virus in donated blood would not be an roaring task. As described earlier the human parvovirus is one of the smallest DNA viruses ever found (Murphy & Pamphilon, 1995).Peterlana et al (2006) described more or less of the normal assays that was used for detecting the presence of B191. Dot bit Hybridization this uses cloned viral DNA and was found to be huffy to 104 viral particles.2. Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology2.1 Polymerase chain Reactions (PCR) more sensitive than Dot Blot Hybridization assay because it could detect vitamin C fg viral DNA (gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining and 10 fg viral DNA (hybridization).2.2 nested-PCR a thousand fold amelioration in sensitivity as compared to PCR2.3 real time PCR this is a fluorescence-based assay, which combines amplification and detection in a closed system and can produce three-figure results in a very short time. Real-time PCR has been describe to be more sensitive than conventional PCR.Schneider et al., (2005) do stand by the result of real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction procedure. This was carried out using a LightCycler a Parvovirus B19 Quantification Kit from Roche Diagnostics.A similar approach was described by Koppelman and Cuypers that would soon be standard European practice, testing with a quantitative PV-B19 NAT (nucleic acid amplification technology) assay (2002).