Border Patrol in Arizona

Alexa Ibarra English 102 Mrs. Nowotny-Young April 7th, 2010 What can we do to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy there were 5,225 juvenile and 24,145 adult drug arrests in Arizona during 2006. The state of Arizona is a state of high intensity drug trafficking, which has therefore lead Arizona to be a state of great danger. The crime dealt with locals, the location of how easily accessible the border is and the networking that has become so large and causes immense crime in Arizona.What can be done to mitigate the affects of drug smuggling in Arizona? For those who are neighbors to the border, they are very influenced by the drugs, crime and risk their lives daily because of the positioning of their home. For most who live near the border it is a matter of culture and heritage. Payan demonstrates a â€Å"birds eye view† and how officials disregard the opinions and thoughts of those who live in the bordering areas. Apparently, they believe that the government should come up with a new approach, which could provide citizens with more privacy and more security in their neighborhoods due to high crime.Another big problem is that because these areas by the borders are so poor, locals feel pressured to become involved in these illicit activities in the drug smuggling business. The newspaper article by Eckholm demonstrates specific drug smuggling in Sells, Arizona. Tribes in Sells have been feeling as though they are being put in the middle, and that security is not strong enough too protect them from the dangers of drug smugglers. Residents of neighborhoods of bordering towns of Mexico those who believe that security in bordering towns must be more secure and refined.The purpose of the article is to give readers a taste of how it is to live in such an area, and that residents are in great danger because of the drug smuggling corruption. Many residents are often times afraid to leave their h omes because of the violence and mischief they deal with at nighttime when serious crime is done. Many think this is unfair due to the government’s lack of support to the locals, which would benefit them and put them in less harm and danger. â€Å"The smuggling of people and drugs across their backyards is something residents here have dealt with for decades.But, they say the killing of Krentz cements a disturbing evolution that began a few years ago – illegal border activity has gone from irritating to deadly dangerous. †(Mccombs 1) the killing of Robert Krentz 58 was killed by a suspected illegal immigrant. Most residents here say they believe the killer was a Mexican drug smuggler. â€Å"Many blame the U. S. government for ignoring their warnings about the increased criminal activity and for failing to protect them. The Krentz family says it holds no malice toward Mexican people. They say political forces in U. S and Mexico are accountable for the death. (Mc Comb 1) Arizona shares a 370-mile border with Mexico. This border area, a large portion of which is open and sparsely populated, cannot be continuously monitored by border enforcement agencies and is used extensively by drug trafficking organizations to smuggle illicit drugs into the United States. Significant quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana are smuggled from Mexico into Arizona. Federal-wide Drug Seizure System data indicate that Arizona ranked second in the country behind Texas in the total quantity of illicit drugs seized in 2002.Arizona is a national-level distribution center for illicit drugs, largely due to its multifaceted transportation infrastructure. Drug traffickers commonly use private vehicles and commercial trucks to smuggle illicit drugs into and through the state. Couriers traveling aboard commercial aircraft, commercial buses, and passenger railcars and package delivery services also are used by traffickers, but to a lesser extent. DTOs and criminal groups generally use Interstates 8, 10, 17, 19, and 40 as well as U. S. Highways 85 and 86 as primary routes for transporting drugs throughout Arizona and from Arizona to other regions of the country.Interstate 8 extends from San Diego through Yuma and terminates at I-10, approximately midway between Phoenix and Tucson. Interstate 10 spans the entire country, connecting Arizona, particularly Phoenix and Tucson, with the West Coast at Los Angeles and the East Coast at Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 17 connects Phoenix to Flagstaff and provides access to eastern and western states via I-40. Interstate 19 connects Nogales on the U. S. -Mexico border with I-10 at Tucson. Interstate 40 originates at I-15 in Barstow, California, passes through Arizona, and terminates at Wilmington, North Carolina.US 85 begin at the U. S. -Mexico border and ends in the Phoenix metropolitan area. US 86 split from US 85 and extend eastward to Tucson. The Obama administration would like to in vest in an â€Å"invisible fence† which would take up to 672 million dollars in costs to create. The Bush administration launched the project in 2005 to help secure the border against illegal immigrants, drug smugglers and other intruders. It was conceived as another layer of protection, in addition to thousands of Border Patrol agents and 650 miles of real fences.The system was supposed to let a small number of dispatchers watch the border on a computer monitor, zoom in with cameras to see people crossing and decide whether to send Border Patrol agents to the scene. Although there are sensors, cameras and radar at many points along the border, they are not connected to cover large expanses. Originally, the virtual fence was supposed to be completed by 2011 but due to technical problems it has been changed to 2014. â€Å"Among other things, the radar system had trouble distinguishing between vegetation and people when it was windy.Also, the satellite communication system too k too long to relay information in the field to a command center. By the time an operator moved a camera to take a closer look at a spot, whatever had raised suspicion was gone. † (Billeaud 1) The technical issues that follow the virtual fence, along with funding problems keep delaying the creation of the virtual fence. According to Jorg Raab he explains that networking can often lead to crime. Networking is being negatively used for drug trade and putting many people in danger because of it.Raab focus is directed to those who view networking as a negative action, and believes that these networks should be confronted if western democracies wish to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling and manifolds pathologies that confront failed states. The Minutemen group has been created through a voluntary group, which is dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the Unites States border. Arguing that the government is insufficiently concerned with securing the U. S. border they have org anized several state chapters, with the intention of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations.Minutemen are a positive volunteer group but because they are risking their lives with no pay this puts the minutemen at very low numbered group members. The drug smuggling problem has become huge in Arizona. Whether it may affecting the locals, its relative closeness and easily navigable location or that networks have completely taken over the streets drug smuggling is something important and extremely important to understand in order to affectively change it. Some believe that the key to keeping danger away is to focus less on illegal immigration and focus more on drug traffickers who are creating danger to citizens of the border.The Obama administration is hoping to assess an invisible fence, which would keep illegal immigration and drug smuggling out of the United States, but with funding this, may take years to process. The minutemen system has bee n effective but the fact that it is voluntary puts the volunteers in dangerous situations, which can be misleading. Overall the drug smuggling problem in Arizona has brought much crime and danger to citizens and must be taken care of before drug smugglers expand and put more neighborhoods at harm. Works Cited Billeaud, Jacques. â€Å"Invisible fence at U. S. -Mexico border in real trouble. † The Commercial Appeal.N. p. , Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"In Drug War, Tribe Feels Invaded By Both Sides. † The New York Times 24 Jan. 2010: n. pag. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. McCombs, Brady. â€Å"Chiricahua neighbors fearful as never before. † Arizona Daily Star 3 Apr. 2010: n. pag. AZstarnet. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Payan, Tony. The three U. S. -Mexico border wars: drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security. Westport: Praeger Security International, 2006. N. Print. Raab, Jorg, and H Brinton Milward. â€Å"Dark Networks as Problems. † Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13. 4 (2003): 413-439. Web. 14 Mar. 2010.

Principles of Management

Fayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are: 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect syste m. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a ‘combination of kindliness and justice' is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them.An inse cure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of ‘personal vanity' on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that: â€Å"real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person's abilities, and reward each one's merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. â€Å" Principles of Management Fayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are: 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect syste m. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a ‘combination of kindliness and justice' is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them.An inse cure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of ‘personal vanity' on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that: â€Å"real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person's abilities, and reward each one's merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. â€Å" Principles of Management Fayol developed theory of management. According to him managerial excellence is a technically ability and can be acquired. He developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic. He was pioneer of the formal education in management. Fayol's principles of management meet the requirements of modern management. Henry Fayol, a french industrialist, offered fourteen principles of management for the first time in 1916. During the period of 1920-40 in the U. S. many authors did hard work in developing and testing various principles of management.Today, there is a very lengthy list of management principles and it is not possible to give an exhaustive lot of these management principles. Here, we are giving some important principles of management. The 14 Management Principles from Henri Fayol (1841-1925) are: 1. Division of Work. Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive. 2. Authority and Responsibility. The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. 3. Discipline.Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management plays their part by providing good leadership. 4. Unity of Command. Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command. 5. Unity of Direction. People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. This is essential to ensure unity and coordination in the enterprise. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction but does not necessarily flows from it. 6. Subordination of individual interest (to the general interest).Management must see that the goals of the firms are always paramount. 7. Remuneration. Payment is an important motivator although by analyzing a number of possibilities, Fayol points out that there is no such thing as a perfect syste m. 8. Centralization and Decentralization. This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. 9. Scalar chain (Line of Authority). A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place.Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels. 10. Order. Both material order and social order are necessary. The former minimizes lost time and useless handling of materials. The latter is achieved through organization and selection. 11. Equity. In running a business a ‘combination of kindliness and justice' is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity. 12. Stability of use of Personnel. Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them.An inse cure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization adversely. 13. Initiative. Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization. Even though it may well involve a sacrifice of ‘personal vanity' on the part of many managers. 14. Spirit of Co-operation (spirit de corps). Management must foster the morale of its employees. He further suggests that: â€Å"real talent is needed to coordinate effort, encourage keenness, use each person's abilities, and reward each one's merit without arousing possible jealousies and disturbing harmonious relations. â€Å" Principles Of Management Most of us have to work for a living†¦. Employee motivation issues. It is easy for any individual to lack motivation. This may result from monotonous working routines, even though we work for a living. Therefore, it is essential to consider employee motivation issues so that the employees work at their best and with full dedication. For some employees, working for living is not an issue and living for working is. Therefore, managers have to ensure that the employees are motivated always and do their best when working for an organization. 7. Can an individual be too motivated?Discuss? I don’t believe that an individual can be too motivated but rather excited or extremely encouraged to do any task. This may result from a variety of factors. Mainly, new job or new project issues are taken into consideration when evaluating an employee’s motivation level. It is necessary for an individual to be motivated always. This can be to such an extent that he or she delivers an excellent quality of work every time and this can result from positive thinking at work. CASE APPLICATION- â€Å"BEST BUY† 1. Explain†¦ expectancy theory?According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this theory covers the basic needs of an individual and thus, different employee programs under this theory place a positive effect on the employee thereby increasing their motivation and their will to work. Best Buy offers the scope of self-management and gives complete freedom to its employees in every way. The disadvantage of Best Buy’s program using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is the safety that I believe Best Buy lacks. Using the reinforcement theory, Best Buy has only been initiating changes without any reward benefits to the employees.The tasks completed by the employees are noted but I don’t think they are rewarded for this, which is a disadvantage according to this theory. According to expectancy theory as well, employees should be rewarded sufficiently for their performance that lacks in Best Buy. Having to work based on incentives is fine but the company should always reward the employee sufficiently for performance that motivates the employees further rather than having a mere change in the work environment along with choices. Giving choices to employees may also promote motivation as they choose and opt for what they are comfortable in.2. Log on†¦ job characteristics model. The Business Technology Consultant in Best Buy offers a lucrative position to those who are highly skilled and knowledgeable in the area. According to the job characteristics model, it meets all the criteria and therefore, helps the employee to be continuously motivated and satisfied with the job due to its changing needs throughout. The job offers skill development, task handling technique, highlights on the importance of tasks, liberty and they also receive feedback from their peers regarding this.Another job that is worth lo oking into is the special agent requirement in the Best Buy. He is mainly responsible for the networking aspect of the company and is supposed to aid the Business Technology Consultant in the improvement of company’s IT structure. However, this job lacks a few characteristics, as mentioned in the job characteristics model. I don’t believe there is any liberty as there are specified tasks so it is hard for the employee to be motivated all the time. 3. Design†¦managerial philosophy.While the incentive program of the CEO is rewarding for its employees, another way to acknowledge the employee’s achievement and motivate them is to set a record where there is an â€Å"employee of the week† chosen and they are rewarded based on their weekly performance on various levels rather than monthly performances. I believe this employee recognition program can bring about several changes, including competitiveness in the work environment where the employees will cont inuously be at work to improve their performance levels thereby giving them a chance to succeed on a weekly basis rather than monthly. 4.Suppose that you are the store manager†¦.. What are you going to do? In order to succeed with the customer-centricity, it is important to focus on customers more than the employees but they too should be given importance for their work. Providing immediate customer care and solutions to customers followed by a detailed insight into the products they want to buy can help in the succession of customer-centricity. Furthermore, it can be said that customers should be satisfied in every way and this means doing anything to achieve this motive. Therefore, customers are not only treated as first class citizens but important visitors to the store.The welcoming atmosphere created along with prompt customer service can help in the success of customer-centricity program. CHAPTER 17: Thinking about management issues: answer 5 Trust revolves around individ ual’s personal characteristics as well as the outside specific situations. Inclusion of both is essential to make decisions and therefore, both should be taken into account. It is the individual’s personal characteristics that draw attention towards trust. Outside specific situations strengthens the trust and therefore, play an essential role in the building of trust.Both are equally important to uphold trust in an individual. CASE STUDY DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Describe†¦ might be? Ricardo Semler shows an innovative method for business strategies to succeed. His strategy helps in giving liberty to the employees to do whatever they want and this always motivates the employees, as they are already familiar with the organization’s objectives. I see many drawbacks though. There is no target and no management. This mostly leads to chaos and businesses should be built on the model of bureaucracy and the performance of all should be evaluated.Semler trusts all his employees and it is very rare that his kind of strategies would work for everyone in the business market. This is risky. There have been several successful businesses where bureaucracy has yielded successful results. 2. What challenges†¦addressed? â€Å"Hands-off† leader faces management problems and extreme chaos. There is no discipline or code of conduct. Therefore, such challenges can be addressed by ensuring there are proper codes of conducts, even as a â€Å"hands-off† leader to ensure that discipline is maintained in an organization.Being adults doesn’t imply the meaning that one should be completely independent. Objectives of the companies can be met in several ways but if they are achieved by proper means with proper idea proposal, we know what techniques are employed by the employees in achieving success. Proper monitoring is essential for tracking the success of growth and development for the organization. 3. How could†¦ Discuss? I certainly don’t think Semler’s method of running a business could actually serve as a helpful strategy to fulfill the criteria of proper etiquettes in business management.I can’t see future leaders identifying with Semler’s way of doing business as any method that lacks disciplines and proper codes is not a reliable or a professional way of doing business. It may be able to achieve short-term success but not long-term success. Leadership training is absolutely crucial for any organization and businesses with excellent leadership have been outstanding results of business success throughout, which is why we emphasize on leadership in business. 4.What could†¦. leadership? Ricardo’s leadership gives the employees their own space to out their creativity and innovation into practice without the extensive paperwork of approvals and disapprovals. This feature of Ricardo’s leadership can be very benefiting due to its motivating influence on the employees . Free flow of creativity helps the employees to freely exercise their rights to lead the organization towards success. CHAPTER 18 Thinking about management issues 4. When do†¦rights†?Electronic devices such as computers, videogames, video cameras and telephone monitoring step over the line from â€Å"effective management controls† when the devices used intrude the privacy of others. Therefore, it is absolutely essential not to infringe upon privacy of others as this is considered absolutely unethical. Privacy of one’s personal space is a right that every individual owns and therefore, it should not be infringed in any way. 5. â€Å"Every†¦Explain? I do believe every individual in an organization plays a vital role as they are responsible for contributing their efforts to the organization.Hence, every individual’s role counts. Control is something that the leaders of an organization do based on what kind of output they want to receive. These are not just managers but every supervisor in an organization who looks after certain tasks and groups for the completion of the tasks given to them. Therefore, control is not only restricted to managers but to every employee who has tasks to accomplish and is responsible for a group of people working under him or her. Ethical dilemma exercise I believe I’d opt for option A as I believe that is the most ethical thing to do.Viewing adult graphic content using company’s internet facilities is against the rules of the organization and this matter should be dealt with seriousness. Today, the manager is found to view such things on the internet. Some other day, we will have other employees of the organization doing the same thing. The sooner the issues are highlighted to the authorities concerned, the rest of the staff will be aware of the consequences of doing such acts and thus, this will not be repeated by other employees as well. Awareness is definitely important in this r egard and cannot be taken lightly.CHAPTER 19 1. Using†¦ tour? In order to enhance productivity, it is essential for the manager to learn more about operation management. Somewhere in the sun tour has to have certain input elements in order to process the output. Using exhibit 19-1, we know that the input elements would consist of people, technology, capital, equipment, materials, information that would further be processed and transformed into goods and services. This helps in the effective functioning of an organization followed by proper management of productivity.

Decision Making

These decisions can be as routine as when to get out of bed, hat to eat for lunch, or when to exercise, or decisions can be as significant as what career to pursue or where to live. Whether making a decision about something fairly routine or a major life event, making good decisions takes time, practice, and conscious thought. Definition of Decision Making Decision making is the process of choosing what to do by considering the possible consequences of different choices (Brockman & Russell, 2009; Walker, 2001 a).The decision making process is a tool that can help you or your family members reach goals, gain greater control ver your life, and help you be more satisfied with the quality of your life (Walker, 2001 b). Factors Influencing Decision Making Making decisions can be complex because of the large amount of factors that Influence the declslon making process (Brockman & Russell, 2009). Some factors are specific to you as an Individual such as your values, goals, and priorities. O ther factors are external such as When making decisions it is important to understand how these influences impact the process.Goal setting is important to the decision making rocess because it can help determine options and set a course of action. Specifically, goals are the end result that an individual, family, or community works toward (Walker, 2001). Goals can be divided into short-term and long-term. Short-term goals are defined as something you hope to achieve within six months, while long-term goals are something you hope to achieve in a time period longer than six months. An example of a short-term goal is organizing your home office space, and an example of a long-term goal is saving money for a new car.Personal values also impact decision making. Values are something you believe that impacts your behavior. Examples of values include honesty, education, good health, or financial security. Values help determine Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natu ral Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska- Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture. 2012, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska on behalf of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. All rights reserved. options and consequences of options in the decision making process. For example, if you highly value financial security, you will make decisions that will include having adequate savings and/or keeping expenses to a minimum. Steps of the Decision Making Process 1. State the problem or situation. The decision making process begins with a situation or problem to be addressedor solved. It can be helpful to write down the problem. 2. Consider your goals and values.The goals you set or yourself are influenced by your values. Knowing you r values and goals will help you determine what is desired. 3. Determine the options. Look for as many options as possible to solve your problem or situation. Be creative as you think about options. The more options you think of, the more likely it is that you will find a solution that fits your situation. When thinking about options, seek out information from friends, 4. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. In this step it is helpful to think about the positive and negative outcomes of doing ach option.To help you determine the pros and cons of each option, consider your personal goals and values and what resources, such as time, money, or knowledge, will be needed. Then, list the pros and cons of each option. 5. Select the best option. Based on the positive and negative consequences of each alternative, select the option that best fits your goals, values, and available resources. 6. Act upon the decision. After making a decision it is important t o put that decision into action. It can be helpful to create action steps listing how you plan to arry out your decision. . Accept responsibility. When you make a decision it is important to accept responsibility for that decision and the consequences that are associated with it. 8. Evaluate the results. The last step of the process is to analyze the results or outcomes of your decision. This analysis will help you determine the effectiveness of the decision making process. Helping Others Make Decisions Making good decisions is important not only for you but for your family. Helping others learn to make good decisions is an important life skill you can teach.For xample, helping a young child make a decision about eating fruits and vegetables gives them practice in making decisions. The more often young people engage in the steps of the decision making process, the better they will be at using them. Here are some tips for helping young children and youth use the decision making proce ss: Practice making decisions in situations they encounter daily, such as what to eat for school lunch. Make decisions, using the process, as a family. For example, decide where to go for vacation or what gift to give a grandparent for their birthday.Share with children how you use the decision making process in your life and how you evaluate your decisions. Have your child or family member set short-term and long term goals to help the decision making Conclusion: Making decisions is a part of daily living. Using the decision making process can help individuals and families reach goals, use resources wisely, and contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Resources: You can learn more about the decision making processdiscussed in this lesson in the following materials Brockman, M. S. , & Russell, S. T. (2009). Decision-making/ easoning skills.Building Partnerships for Youth: National 4-H Council and the University of Arizona Walker, K. (2001 a). Decision Making, K-State Research and Extensio n, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. (2001 b). Goal Setting. K-State Research and Extension, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. , Torres, Nayda, Turner, J. (2006). Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL Source: Steps of the Decision Making Process adapted from: Make up Your Mind† Improving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension.The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. The Steps of the Decision Making Process Decision Making Process Worksheet 2. 3. 4. 5. State the problem or situation. Consider your goals and values. Determine the options. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. Select the best option. 7. Accept responsibility. 8. Evaluate the results. Steps of the decision making process adapted from: Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension. Decision Making These decisions can be as routine as when to get out of bed, hat to eat for lunch, or when to exercise, or decisions can be as significant as what career to pursue or where to live. Whether making a decision about something fairly routine or a major life event, making good decisions takes time, practice, and conscious thought. Definition of Decision Making Decision making is the process of choosing what to do by considering the possible consequences of different choices (Brockman & Russell, 2009; Walker, 2001 a).The decision making process is a tool that can help you or your family members reach goals, gain greater control ver your life, and help you be more satisfied with the quality of your life (Walker, 2001 b). Factors Influencing Decision Making Making decisions can be complex because of the large amount of factors that Influence the declslon making process (Brockman & Russell, 2009). Some factors are specific to you as an Individual such as your values, goals, and priorities. O ther factors are external such as When making decisions it is important to understand how these influences impact the process.Goal setting is important to the decision making rocess because it can help determine options and set a course of action. Specifically, goals are the end result that an individual, family, or community works toward (Walker, 2001). Goals can be divided into short-term and long-term. Short-term goals are defined as something you hope to achieve within six months, while long-term goals are something you hope to achieve in a time period longer than six months. An example of a short-term goal is organizing your home office space, and an example of a long-term goal is saving money for a new car.Personal values also impact decision making. Values are something you believe that impacts your behavior. Examples of values include honesty, education, good health, or financial security. Values help determine Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natu ral Resources at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska- Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture. 2012, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska on behalf of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. All rights reserved. options and consequences of options in the decision making process. For example, if you highly value financial security, you will make decisions that will include having adequate savings and/or keeping expenses to a minimum. Steps of the Decision Making Process 1. State the problem or situation. The decision making process begins with a situation or problem to be addressedor solved. It can be helpful to write down the problem. 2. Consider your goals and values.The goals you set or yourself are influenced by your values. Knowing you r values and goals will help you determine what is desired. 3. Determine the options. Look for as many options as possible to solve your problem or situation. Be creative as you think about options. The more options you think of, the more likely it is that you will find a solution that fits your situation. When thinking about options, seek out information from friends, 4. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. In this step it is helpful to think about the positive and negative outcomes of doing ach option.To help you determine the pros and cons of each option, consider your personal goals and values and what resources, such as time, money, or knowledge, will be needed. Then, list the pros and cons of each option. 5. Select the best option. Based on the positive and negative consequences of each alternative, select the option that best fits your goals, values, and available resources. 6. Act upon the decision. After making a decision it is important t o put that decision into action. It can be helpful to create action steps listing how you plan to arry out your decision. . Accept responsibility. When you make a decision it is important to accept responsibility for that decision and the consequences that are associated with it. 8. Evaluate the results. The last step of the process is to analyze the results or outcomes of your decision. This analysis will help you determine the effectiveness of the decision making process. Helping Others Make Decisions Making good decisions is important not only for you but for your family. Helping others learn to make good decisions is an important life skill you can teach.For xample, helping a young child make a decision about eating fruits and vegetables gives them practice in making decisions. The more often young people engage in the steps of the decision making process, the better they will be at using them. Here are some tips for helping young children and youth use the decision making proce ss: Practice making decisions in situations they encounter daily, such as what to eat for school lunch. Make decisions, using the process, as a family. For example, decide where to go for vacation or what gift to give a grandparent for their birthday.Share with children how you use the decision making process in your life and how you evaluate your decisions. Have your child or family member set short-term and long term goals to help the decision making Conclusion: Making decisions is a part of daily living. Using the decision making process can help individuals and families reach goals, use resources wisely, and contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Resources: You can learn more about the decision making processdiscussed in this lesson in the following materials Brockman, M. S. , & Russell, S. T. (2009). Decision-making/ easoning skills.Building Partnerships for Youth: National 4-H Council and the University of Arizona Walker, K. (2001 a). Decision Making, K-State Research and Extensio n, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. (2001 b). Goal Setting. K-State Research and Extension, Manhattan, KS Walker, K. , Torres, Nayda, Turner, J. (2006). Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL Source: Steps of the Decision Making Process adapted from: Make up Your Mind† Improving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension.The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. The Steps of the Decision Making Process Decision Making Process Worksheet 2. 3. 4. 5. State the problem or situation. Consider your goals and values. Determine the options. Consider the consequences or list the pros and the cons of each option. Select the best option. 7. Accept responsibility. 8. Evaluate the results. Steps of the decision making process adapted from: Make up Your Mind†lmproving Your Decision Making Skills, University of Florida IFAS Extension. Decision Making Decision Making Based on Mission and Vision of an Organization This case study deals with leadership, decision making, and effective communication. Also, how important it is for a President and the staff to work together in a team to solve a problem. Not every decision is the correct resolution, but there are better decisions made when there is a group effort. This discussion will be completed through an analysis of the case study on decision making based on Mission and Vision of an Organization.This discussion will determine the best decision making method, the final decision by the President, and how the decision will be communicated to the staff and the public. Community Medical Center is a medical facility dedicated to providing quality patient care with unrelenting attention to clinical excellence, patient safety and an unparalleled passion and commitment to assure the very best healthcare for those we serve. The decision for the President to decide about the case of an operatin g room nurse, who may have HIV/AIDS, would definitely be a difficult decision.The President needs to provide a news release in 24 hours, and this will put more pressure on making a quick resolution. This would be a difficult task and there is not much time to make a decision. The best solution would be to review the mission statement that the President has utilized, and review the decision making models that will help influence the best decision. Also, a meeting would need to take place with the staff to help decide the best way in figuring out a solution in 24 hours.The decision making models that will help the President in this situation are the Willful Choice Decision-Making Model and the Garbage Can Model. These models will help identify the issue and determine potential solutions. The Willful Choice Decision-Making Model is the first recommendation to help the President and the staff in determining the best solution. According to Johnson (2009) here are the six steps of the wil lful choice model. 1. Identify the problem 2. Collect data 3. List all possible solutions 4. Text possible solutions 5. Select the best course of action . Implement the solution based on the decision made (Johnson, 2009, p. 215). This is a very systematic approach that can help the President focus on the key issues in the decision making process. The problem is the nurse who contracted HIV/AIDS and how the hospital is at risk of losing the staff, and patients who will be transported to Community Medical Center’s local rival hospital. The President could gather the data and determine the outcome from each solution. The options are to remove the nurse from his position by relocating the employee to a non-patient area.Although, the nurse refused this offer and wants to continue working the same position. This appears to be an acceptable offer and the employee would continue working and receiving the same pay. The President and the staff would need to select the best course of ac tion, and implement the solution within 24 hours. Another problem is the concern of national media exposure by a main local newspaper. This would cause a major concern by patients and families and hurt the strong reputation of the hospital and the quality of the medical care (Johnson, 2009).The President and the staff have a dilemma where it appears that either option will affect the hospital, staff, and patients. In addition, there is only 24 hours to come up with a decision. Next, the members of the organization need to determine the best course of action, and to implement the best solution. There are four basic principles that are made by choice. They are unambiguous, probability and knowledge of consequences, a rational and consistent priority system for alternative ordering, and heuristics or decision rules to choose an alternative (Johnson, 2009, p. 15). The President and the staff need to look at what the consequences will be for each scenario. They can make a decision by ana lyzing both situations and determine the probability for each consequence. The President needs to communicate effectively with the staff and this individual needs to be an active listener when deciding how to resolve this problem. The team needs to be able to voice their opinion, and everyone needs to agree with their final decision. If the President needs to provide a news release, He would need to have the ability to communicate effectively.The team needs to do crisis communication planning before the crisis occurs, and be prepared to deal with the world reporting on this crisis (Anonymous, 2010). The decision will be a collectivistic assumption. Since, the decision will be made by a group, and everyone in the staff will have a chance to voice their opinion (Johnson, 2009). The objective is a group consensus, and each person has the ability to communicate and make a difference in the organization.Teams that have more functional interaction, such as problem-solving interaction and action planning, were significantly more satisfied with their meetings (Kauffeld, Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2012). The President is not making the decision alone, and a team that has the ability to problem solve will make better choices. The decision made by the President is based on what the team has expressed, and the resolution would not cause any layoffs. The hospital has a great reputation providing quality care to the patients, and they want to continue providing the same service, and the hospital does not want to lose millions of dollars.The President and the members have decided to continue with the offer by relocating the nurse to a non-patient area. The employee would still have a position in the hospital and receive the same pay and working hours. This is a better decision than terminating the nurse. After reviewing the options, this was the best solution for Community Medical Center in continuing their reputation for the patients and residents in the area. This decision could have a downfall, but I think with that the team made a best decision for this issue.If the members decided to not make any changes with the nurse, the hospital would have lost millions of dollars, many effective employees who made a difference in the community. The President and the members made a decision and not every decision is the most desirable, but a group decision is better than one decision. It takes effective communication, problem solving, and working in a team to come up with the best resolution. This case study showed how to have effective communication within an organization. It takes a team to work together and utilize the decision making models.The staff needs to problem solve effectively, even if there is only a limited amount of time. The President needs to have clear communication, and have the ability in being an active listener. The decisions that are made by team may not always be correct, but there are better resolutions as a group than making decisions just from the President. When a President has a vision and a mission statement, a company has a clear path and the employees will have a better understanding of the direction for the organization. A mission statement is a great way to clarify the intentions of a company.References Johnson, J. (2009). Health organizations: Theories, behavior, and development. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Kauffeld S, Lehmann-Willenbrock N. Meetings Matter: Effects of Team Meetings on Team and Organizational Success. Small Group Research [serial online]. April 2012;43(2):130-158. Available from: Business Source Elite, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 2, 2013. What's your advice for communicating in a crisis? (2010). Communication World, 27(4), 13-13. 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Ikea Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ikea - Case Study Example For example, company can decide which consumer segments to target? Which suppliers should be selected? Whether to use marketing intermediaries or not? However, social, cultural, political, technological and economical factors cannot be influenced. 3. Look at Figure 2.4 on the role of SBUs and the accompanying discussion. How might your chosen company go about developing some strategies in each of the boxes: penetration, market development, product development and diversification? IKEA started its operations in 1943 and until 1960s and 1970, company pursued market penetration strategy in Sweden (IKEA). After achieving significant position in Sweden, company pursued Market development strategy and entered into new market of Switzerland, Germany, Asian countries, Canada and USA. After getting a huge popularity in furniture markets, IKEA pursued Product Development strategy by starting IKEA Food and Restaurants in its existing markets. Today, IKEA has built a strong image in the minds of consumers, therefore, by pursuing diversification strategy, company can future expand into new

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Essay

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Ones in Assisted Living Facilities - Essay Example ructured interviews allows for responses such as 'I started feeling a little resentful' (p10), an emotion which may not be typically associated with ailing relatives. There are fewer assumptions being placed on the data being collected, which leaves more room for hypothesis generation. Weaknesses of the Research by Sanderson & Meyers (2008) There are strengths, outlined above, of qualitative data that are applicable to this study. Correspondingly, there are weaknesses. Firstly, it can be hard to generate data and representations of this data for use in the published paper (Thorne, Kirkham & MacDonald-Emes, 1997). This can make it difficult for both readers and researchers to visualize the topic in a meaningful way (Carr, 1994). This lack of data also makes comparisons with other studies and individuals within the study more difficult, as the qualitative data collected is more difficult to graph. There are ways around this. One way to generate a more numeric version of the qualitative data is to use a technique called coding, which relies on giving mentioned words certain values and evaluating them in this way (Holloway & Wheeler, 2009). In the context of nursing, many heath bodies want results that can be applied in a meaningful way to the healthcare industry, and this can often be a challenge for qualitative data (Carr, 1994). Another issue with qualitative research that applies to this essay is that because of the complex nature of collecting data via interview or analysing long-answer responses to a questionnaire. This means that the sample size of qualitative studies is often far smaller than those in quantitative studies, making it harder to generalize the results to the population (Kuper et al, 2008). Sanderson & Meyers (2008) recognize this, and suggest that... This paper has primarily focused on the weaknesses of the study thus far. There are, however, many strengths as would be expected from a paper published in a peer-reviewed journal. The paper clearly explains the aims of the research, and this is reflected in the succinct title and abstract. Generally, the paper achieves what it sets out to do, which is give detailed responses from those with relatives in assisted-living facilities to illustrates the difficulties of putting the elderly in care. The research design was appropriate for this, because they wished to get detailed responses, which could not have been gathered using a quantitative study. Sanderson & Mayer clearly understand the limitations of their study and incorporate this into their discussion, whilst forewarning about generalizability and making assumptions. The research also performs well ethically. The researchers recruited people from an event, and therefore the participants were well-versed on how the study would proceed and what their responses would be used for. In this sense, the paper succeeds in achieving its aims whilst behaving in an ethical manner. There is no clear indication of the relationship between the researcher and the participant but it can be assumed that this was anonymous, confidential and private from the description of the interview location

Rehabilitation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rehabilitation Paper - Essay Example While referring back to the origin of the rehabilitation of the prisoners, it was the enactment of the Penitentiary Act in 1779 by British government that introduced the custom of rehabilitation of the prisoners and criminals. Thereafter, evidently imprisonment emerged as a form of correction rather than punishment. The technique and mode of rehabilitation varies according to the nature and type of offence committed. The prisoners are given educational as well as vocational training to learn various skills so that they can use it outside the prison once their term of imprisonment is over; and such rehabilitation takes place both inside the prison and outside the premises as well (Prison rehabilitation, n.d.). In the American prisons, rehabilitations found to be an effective mode of minimizing stress, aggression, and mental disorders amongst the prisoners. Studies prove that the prison inmates who learned rehabilitation techniques and participated in training activities were reformed and the number of those who returned to prison shrank to 30-35% which was far greater than other kinds of measures adopted to reduce the animosity among the inmates. The rehabilitation programs conducted outside the prison premises help to bring down over crowding in prisons. The vocation training they received made them competent to live the rest of their life without being dependant on others. Probation and parole are two means available for the prisoners to get out of their confinements and enjoy the fragments of freedom for a limited period. Probation and parole are more or less similar in function but are connected to different sections of the criminal justice system. Probation is generally imposed in lieu of jail incarceration and is increasingly being used in California as a tool to reduce jail crowding in a wide variety of situations. As per the Probation Law of 1976, (cited in Sangco, 1995) probation can be defined as a court-imposed approval that envisages to releases a co nvicted offender into the society under a conditional suspended sentence; and this practice is due to the assumption that all the criminals are not dangerous and they will rightly react to the treatments. Usually probation is given to an offender whose conduct and behavior is amicable in the prison premises (p. 1). When the term of his probation is over, he is asked to come back to the prison for the rest of his punishment. During the probation, if the offender proves himself fit for a social life, he may also get negotiation in his imprisonment. On the other hand, parole is a conditional release from state prison by the Department of Corrections. It is the early release from prison or jail under certain conditions and under strict supervision when a portion of the sentence has been completed. The practices of parole envisage that the offender has articulated his assent to abide by the rules and regulations of the prison environment and also shows respect and assistance to the socia l norms and practices. In this case also he has to come back to the prison once the stipulated days are over. As everyone knows, people are not born as criminals but it is the circumstances that make them commit offences. Probation and parole have great importance in this regard. A person who has committed murder on the pressure of

Augmented Reality Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Augmented Reality Application - Essay Example The virtual scene which is generated through this process by the computer is designed so as to enhance the perception of the virtual world that the user is either interacting with or viewing. The main goal of the augmented reality is to help in creating a system whereby the user cannot be in a position to tell the difference between the real world and the virtual augmentation of it. Currently the Augmented Reality is used in different entertainment joints, engineering design, military and robotics, the process of manufacturing among others. (Roche, 2011) The video stratum mainly requires three main steps, which includes; Recognition of the object, face, image or the body. The second is tracking which is the real time localization in the space of the specific object, image or body. The third one is the mix which is the superposition of a media which is usually on top of the face, body, object or image. The process of these three often takes less than forty microseconds in order to det ect and match the fluidity in human eye for up to 2h5 images in every second. (Huang, 2013) For the past 3 decades, we have been entertained by different video games. The Augmented reality is moving the entertainment from the common graphics frequently seen in televisions. The technology blurs a thick line between what computer generates and what is real through the enhancing the senses of smell, sense and see. On the specific spectrum existing in the virtual reality and helps in the creation immersive real world and computer generated, the augmented reality is closer to the world. After using the technology, I realized that it adds sounds, graphics, smell and haptic feedback to the real and natural world just as it exists. Both the cell phones and the video games are vital in the development of the augmented reality. People from different professionals, tourists and even people from the military are now in a position to benefit from the possibility of computer generated graphics in the specific field of vision. It is axiomatic to argue that the augmented reality is changing the way people view world today especially its users. It is no doubt that technology changes the way we do business across the globe, but it is clear having used the app, that AR has taken the real feeling to the next level. The feeling after using the app makes it interesting that I needed to use it more. FOUR EXAMPLES The AR information in the four examples is amazing. Watching the segment gives one a sense and a feeling of wanting to watch again. It brings the world to its real form. In the first example of the movie, Posters, the app, gives an example of an individual watching a movie using the app. It tries to capture different pictures from the room to the field where he captures the picture of the ecosystem. It is just amazing the connecting it brings with the nature. The understanding of the application is made easier through the use of this system. The capturing of the whole seque nces portrays attractive images which appear to be real. The images are also very sharp and clear making one to have the feeling of watching the movie on a 3-D basis. (Sood, 2012) In the movie and scanning, it will be possible to scan the top movie posters using the Layar app so as to make it possible viewing the trainers, find information about the movie, see the critics. Using

Complaint and Compliment Letters Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Complaint and Compliment Letters - Assignment Example After 30 minutes we began boarding, this extended our arrival time in Montreal to conservatory 1415Hrs. We arrived in Montreal with barely enough time for us to make a connecting flight. I remember the agent commenting on how he thought we wouldnt make it on time. My luggage (a suitcase), which was supposed to be checked all the way through until I arrived in New Brunswick, baggage tag no. (TKY00275612) Apparently didn’t make the flight. It was probably offloaded in Montreal. The ground workers in Montreal lost the luggage counter. When I made an inquiry, a (Mr Johnson) informed me that they would update me within 24hrs on any development about my luggage. It is very disappointing, especially with the level of customer touch the airline has maintained in the past. I expected to have the same treatment as the cabin crew provides when you ask for a refill or water. In this case it felt cold and unwanted. No warmth and feeling of acceptance that used to greet clients when one boards the flight or when the captain says, â€Å"Thank you for flying Air Canada.† It has been three days since our conversation. Though we have made contact a few times since my arrival, all I get is scanty assurances that they are looking into the matter. It has dawned on me that they have no clue as the whereabouts of my luggage; hence I chose to write to you as my connecting handlers. I fail to understand on how in the modern age, with top notch security and technology, my luggage has not been recovered. I have launched a claim with my insurance, but the entire value of the belongings and items in the luggage were double what the insurance is willing to compensate. Moreover, the luggage contained some items that are completely irreplaceable. I have made follow-up steps, including getting in touch with Toronto airport and New Brunswick customer desk to no avail. The situation has caused me to feel like your policy is just

Analysis of Glaxo Smith Kline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Analysis of Glaxo Smith Kline - Essay Example Glaxo Smith Kline Company, being a global healthcare company, engages in the development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical and consumer health related products. The company’s products are target towards treating three major diseases. These diseases are malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. The company mainly operates through two major segments which are Consumer Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals. The Pharmaceutical segment includes prescription pharmaceuticals and vaccines. On the other hand, the Consumer Healthcare segment provides over-the-counter medicines, oral care and nutritional healthcare products. Its operations are concentrated in Italy, Spain, United States, Japan, France, the United Kingdom, and Germany (Scott, 1982, p201). Glaxo Smith Kline Company has a number of factors that make it very outstanding in the current market. Early in the year two thousand and three for instance, the company published a strategic approach to most aspects of its business performance. This strategic plan had the intention of ensuring that it gets a competitive advantage over the competition yet still ensuring that it fully satisfies the needs of it clients. The published strategic approach related to issues pertaining to the environment, health issues and the safety of all related stakeholders. This plan was later to propel the company into higher levels of better performance. An analysis of the Glaxo Smith Kline Company indicates that the company’s strategic plan for excellence was meant to help in showing how Glaxo Smith Kline Plan for excellence shows how Glaxo Smith Klines environment, health and safety framework align with the companys vision, strategic intent and key business drivers. Moreover, Glaxo Smith Kl ine Company, if it continuous with its progressive trend, will progress through management systems to leadership and excellence (Atkinson, pp.207-229). Glaxo Smith Kline Company ventures in provision of medical services to its people and

Online School Vs. Traditional Essay Example for Free

Online School Vs. Traditional Essay According to the National Center for Education Statistics, about 4.3 million undergraduate students, or 20 percent of all undergraduates, took at least one distance education course in the 2007-08 school year. And about 0.8 million, or 4 percent of all undergraduates, took their entire program through distance education (May, Ryan). There are many pros and cons about distance and traditional education, as well as many similarities and differences. Online education is a more flexible option for students to get an education since most classes can be taken anywhere you are able to take your laptop or hook up to the internet. It’s very convenient for people who have a busy lifestyle, such as families, full-timer workers, and those who serve in the military. With online learning, students don’t have the traditional methods of sitting at a desk and learning with lectures and books. You have the freedom to learn your way at your own comfort level. Studies have shown that in online learning conditions perform better than those receiving traditional instruction (NCU). However, for some, lectures in the classroom are more beneficial to them since some need more a more hands on approach. A disadvantage of online learning is not having your degree being seen as creditable. Be sure that your college choice is accredited since there are many â€Å"Degree Mills† out looking for your money. There are many students and employers who are skeptics about how much you really do learn from online learning. According to Allie Bidwell from USA news, In a survey of 656 human resources professionals released Wednesday, the researchers found that although nearly half of employers said online-only programs require more discipline, 56 percent said they still prefer applicants with traditional degrees from an average university over those with an online degree from a top university. Overall, most employers (82 percent) said a combination of in-person and online education would benefit the majority of students (Bidwell, 2013). Most employers are going to view how effective an online education is by the quality of the new hires  they bring in. Cost is another consideration to think of when deciding to go online or traditional. Online education is less expensive since there are no extra fees for maintaining a large campus or classrooms. Some classes may not even require books for you to purchase. Either way you choose to go, there are still rules and guidelines that must be followed. Along with that, attendance is still a must with online education and participation in discussions just as you would participate in a classroom. Depending on the type of person you are and the lifestyle you live, either online or traditional education will be right for you. Before getting into either one, students should carefully research both to find out which is the right fit for them. References Bidwell, A. (2013). Employers and Students Remain Skeptical of Online Learning. Retrieved from http://www.usanews.com/news/articles/2013/09/20/employers-students-remain-skeptical-of-online-education North Central University. Online Education Versus Traditional Education. Retrieved from http://www.ncu.edu/why-northcentral/online-learning/learn-more Dudley, S. (2013) Why Online Education Is More Valuable than Traditional College. Retrieved from http:// http://www.wired.com/2013/11/why-online-learning-is-more-valuable-than-traditional-college/ May, R. Traditional Education vs Online Education-Should You Switch? Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/article/655/traditional-education-vs-online-education-should-you-switch/

Strategies for Technology in the Classroom

Strategies for Technology in the Classroom â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility.† – Voltaire I am reminded of this quote as we end this semester. Sometimes we adopt educational technologies for the wrong reasons. Either we wish to impress or we are simply misguided. Through the months, the different issues and topics discussed raised my awareness on the advantages, disadvantages, and the dangers of using technology in teaching. To describe what I learned, I will discuss everything choronologically. QR codes. The application of QR codes in a scavenger hunt intrigued me so much that I applied it in my class. The first try had a lot of problems since the design that I made was too complicated and hence, too difficult to organize. I made 30 problems with 3 variations each and 20 different routes. Although I had some students assist me, it turned out to be a little of a nightmare preparing everything. The good thing though was my students really had fun and it was enough for them to request for a second hunt. Learning from my first experience, I eliminated the routes and instead executed a plain scavenger hunt giving bonuses to the groups with the most number of QR codes. You could just imagine the ruckus resulting during the activity, everybody was running and shouting and it turned out well. Aside from the use of QR codes, one concept that I was also able to apply was Professor Que’s discussion of the digital divide. The activity required that students had to have a smart p hone and a QR code reader so I surveyed all my classes to check if there were enough for the groups to work on. Luckily, there were so were able to proceed. This might not have occurred to me had I not been exposed to the discussions in EdTech 210. Badges. I got this idea from our report on Emerging Technologies. It is one form of applying the principle of conditioning since it is a reward system. I was surprised by its success. Instead of awarding points, I awarded badges and logged everything in schoology. Whenever I failed to list a badge, I immediately received feedback from the concerned student about it. I even implemented this in the recitations and I was able to increase the level of participation during discussions. Instead of being afraid, students were complaining about not being given the chance to recite! Infographics. I really enjoyed doing my infographics and I decided that this was an ideal activity for my classes. Math is mostly centered on logical-mathematical and visual spatial intelligences. Howard Gardner suggests that people have different strengths with respect to the eight intelligences that he has defined and he encourages teachers to employ strategies to address the learning strengths of children. I felt that this was an ideal activity for those who had artistic skills and it was well received. The submitted infographics exceeded my expectations. Since my students belong to the digital generation, they were adept at creating digital artwork. I gave them minimal instructions and simply provided them the links that I got from EdTech 210. Equity, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Use of Technology for Education. My level of awareness on the possibilities of endangering our students when made to use online materials was heightened. Other concerns are the legal issues involved when creating online content. Students need to be reminded on respecting intellectual property and proper attribution. The first time the infographics were submitted, I asked everybody to revise them since they freely used images from the net without citing their sources. When I made flipped classroom videos, I used flipasaurus instead of youtube to ensure that students viewed only my videos and not some recommended one which I had no control. During the semester, I was planning to create a facebook account as an educational extension tool where I could post useful links on Math and their studies but delayed this to plan and study very well the possible problems of doing so. Instead, I used Schoology and UVLE in tandem to deliver content. Report 1. Essential conditions for technology integration. I am a strong believer of standards because I used to be an ISO auditor in our plant. During those years, I learned the benefits of standards and how to design them for optimization. After our plant was ISO certified, the process became less people dependent since all standards, and the corresponding production steps involved were identified. Previously, when a critical personnel resigned, he or she brought with him all his knowledge and expertise. After the standardization of the production system, this problem was lessened. We made less mistakes and were more consistent in level and quality of output. I was very glad that ISTE has formulated similar ones and because of the report, I learned how to use them in assessing whether educational technologies satisfy them. The guidelines for coaches are also a great help since I do blended learning activities and use the internet a lot for lesson extensions. I feel more confident t hat I can design courses that are more attuned to the needs of my students. Report 2. Traditional and digital media for education. Sophisticated technology is not always the best tool. Ultimately, it depends on the situation. I was particularly interested in the different examples that the group brought along. Actual samples are really more interesting than pictures and it was good that the members brought many of them to class. Most of the traditional tools I know are for Math so it was good to see how other areas like science and preschool classes use certain tools to aid learning. Report 3. Emerging Technologies in Education. I was really really glad that we got this report because I am very interested in projections and glimpses of the future. Not only did I learn the emerging technologies in the field of education but also the issues and challenges that educators face before they can go mainstream. The NMC horizon reports offer rich information and what is so good about them is that they are results of inputs from leaders and experts from different parts of the world. Most regions have the same problems but they differ in priority largely because of the economic divide. Report 4. 21st century skills. This report reminded me that I have to keep improving and to be updated on new technologies and trends in education. In this century, the demands on workers are being upped and upped since we live in a fast paced world that is media driver. It is a world that is very different from the previous century’s. Students have to learn more at a faster rate and at higher levels. They should learn how to be creative, innovative, critical thinkers, problem solvers, and effective communicators which is a tough call. This puts more burden on teachers to improve pedagogies and meet this needs. Flipped classroom. Unquestionably, this is a very useful strategy. For my case, I see a lot of applications in my classes since one of my main problems is limited classroom time. Mathematics involves conceptual understanding and procedural fluency and flipping may give me more time to address these concerns when I meet my students. I actually partly implemented this in my Math 1 cl In addition, schools must promote an understanding of academic content at much higher levels by weaving 21st century interdisciplinary themes into core subjects: Global Awareness Financial, Economic, Business and Entrepreneurial Literacy Civic Literacy Health Literacy Environmental Literacy Learning and Innovation Skills Learning and innovation skills are what separate students who are prepared for increasingly complex life and work environments in today’s world and those who are not. They include: Creativity and Innovation Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Communication and Collaboration Information, Media and Technology Skills Today, we live in a technology and media-driven environment, marked by access to an abundance  of information, rapid changes in technology tools and the ability to collaborate and make individual  contributions on an unprecedented scale. Effective citizens and workers must be able to exhibit a range of  functional and critical thinking skills, such as: Information Literacy Media Literacy ICT (Information, Communications and Technology) Literacy Life and Career Skills Today’s life and work environments require far more than thinking skills and content knowledge. The ability  to navigate the complex life and work environments in the globally competitive information age requires  students to pay rigorous attention to developing adequate life and career skills, such as: Flexibility and Adaptability Initiative and Self-Direction Social and Cross-Cultural Skills Productivity and Accountability Leadership and Responsibility And last but not least is Mahara. I remember Professor Que saying that at first, students get discouraged and see it as difficult to use. But once you know how to use it, you learn to love it. Initially, I felt bewildered while navigating the site but once I started posting my work, I learned its nice features little by little which is probably the reason why I feel I have mastered it. In the learning theory article homework, a large part of the article was devoted on learning, assimilation, and accommodation. My Mahara experience is surely a reflection of these processes. More and more teachers are becoming facilitators and learners are more involved and in charge of their learning. Hence, hands on activities like the Mahara portfolio, infographics, qr codes, and more are the best ways for a learner to acquire the skills. As a final word, let me say that I am very impressed with Ed Tech 210. This is not to get the good graces of Professor Que but a sincere opinion. When I enrolled, I thought we were going to make posters and the like and I realize now that I was really mistaken. Last November, I enrolled online in a UCLA led Coursera course on emerging technologies and I am proud to say that our Ed Tech courses at COE are not lagging behind. As a teacher, I learned a lot from how this course was managed. All course requirements and course expectations were defined and deadlines were set in advance. I used to think I was very organized but this was far more better. Since we are starting the next semester in August, I be benchmarking these into my course administration.

Health Care Needs Assessment Plan

Health Care Needs Assessment Plan WHO Needs Assessment Project Introduction This research gives commonsense help and direction to a nurse, undertaking group wellbeing needs appraisal and assessment. It gives data and guidance on the phases of necessities appraisal, empowering the attendant to finish the procedure sensibly inside her/his regular work. (Anderson TV) This project utilizes a comprehensive model of well being, accentuating the social, financial and social figures that influence well being and in addition singular conduct. The idea of need utilized as a part of this project, fuses those needs felt and communicated by neighborhood individuals and additionally those characterized by the experts. Research Questions Identification of the real hazard elements and reasons for sick wellbeing; and empowers the distinguishing proof of the activities required to address these. Terms and Definitions Health and Needs Assessment: It is a key device to advise dispatching and administration arranging, and can be characterized as a methodical technique for distinguishing the unmet wellbeing and medicinal services needs of a populace, and rolling out improvements to help. (Daniels, 2007) Proposal to the client Health needs assessment is the precise methodology to guaranteeing that the wellbeing administration uses its assets to enhance the strength of the populace in the most productive way. It includes epidemiological, qualitative, and relative strategies to portray wellbeing issues of a populace; distinguish disparities in wellbeing and access to administrations; and focus needs for the best utilization of assets. (Stevens, 2004) Health needs are those that can profit from human services or from more extensive social and natural changes. Fruitful wellbeing needs evaluations oblige a down to earth understanding of what is included, the time and assets important to attempt appraisals, and sufficient joining of the results into arranging and appointing of neighborhood administrations Objectives Health awareness needs are those that can profit from health awareness (well being training, ailment counteractive action, finding, treatment, recovery, terminal consideration). Most specialists will consider needs as far as health awareness benefits that they can supply. Patients, be that as it may, may have an alternate perspective of what would make them healthier for instance, a vocation, a transport course to the doctors facility or well being focus, or tolerable lodging. Health needs consolidate the more extensive social and natural determinants of health, for example, hardship, lodging, eating methodology, instruction, work. This more extensive definition permits us to look past the restrictions the therapeutic model focused around well being administrations, to the more extensive impacts on health (box). (Green)Well being needs of a populace will be always showing signs of change, and numerous wont be amiable to restorative intercession. Literature Review The World Health Organizations meaning of health is frequently utilized: Health is a condition of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not just the nonappearance of malady or illness. A more sentimental definition would be Freuds: Well being is the capacity to work and to love. Evaluation of wellbeing needs is not just a methodology of listening to patients or depending on individual experience. It is a deliberate system for distinguishing unmet wellbeing and health awareness needs of a populace and rolling out improvements to help. It includes an epidemiological and qualitative methodology to deciding needs which fuses clinical and cost viability and patients viewpoints. This methodology must offset clinical, moral, and monetary contemplations of need—that is, the thing that ought to be carried out, what is possible, and what can be afforded. Wellbeing needs evaluation ought to not simply be a strategy for measuring sick wellbeing, as this expects that something is possible to handle it. Consolidating the idea of an ability to profit presents the imperativeness of adequacy of wellbeing mediations and endeavors to make unequivocal what profits are, no doubt sought after. (Anne Robotham, 2010)Economists contend that the ability to profit is continuall y going to be more prominent than accessible assets and that wellbeing needs evaluation ought to likewise join inquiries of need setting, proposing that a lot of people needs appraisals are just preoccupations from the troublesome choices of apportioning. Imperatively, wellbeing needs appraisal likewise gives a strategy for observing and advancing value in the procurement and utilization of wellbeing administrations and tending to imbalances in health. The imperativeness of evaluating wellbeing needs instead of responding to wellbeing requests is broadly perceived, and there are numerous cases of necessities evaluation in essential and auxiliary care. (Adler, 2008) There is no simple, brisk fix formula for wellbeing needs evaluation. Distinctive subjects will require diverse methodologies. These may include a combo of qualitative and quantitative examination techniques to gather unique data, or adjusting and exchanging what is now known or accessible. The jolt for these appraisals i s frequently the individual enthusiasm of an individual or the accessibility of new financing for the improvement of wellbeing administrations. Notwithstanding, evaluations ought to likewise be incited by the vitality of the wellbeing issue (regarding recurrence, effect, or expense), the event of discriminating episodes (the passing of a patient dismissed on the grounds that the emergency unit full), proof of viability of a mediation, or production of new research discoveries about the load of an ailment. (Kathy O, 2007) Methodology Research design: An overview study was led intending to delineate the occurrence of all manifestations of working environment brutality in the wellbeing part. Quantitative information were gathered through surveys. Individual talks with and center gathering meetings were directed to acquire qualitative information. Population and sample size: In the qualitative part planning to check the meaning of working environment viciousness and different perspectives, eight target gatherings were incorporated. They were as per the following: (1) Agent associations (2) Private holders of wellbeing administrations (3) Wellbeing segment faculty (4) Wellbeing powers (5) Administration (6) Patients/customers (7) Word related wellbeing and security pros (8) Legal counselors Information from the target gathering of wellbeing segment faculty were for the most part acquired through 15 center gathering meetings comprising of 90 work force enlisted as per accessibility. The quantity of members in each one gathering fluctuated from 3 to 9. Practically the greater part of the gatherings comprised of same-sex work force from the same callings and levels. One and only gathering of emergency vehicle staff parts was included both senior and lesser people. The time used in each one gathering meeting fluctuated from 60 to 180 minutes. Center gathering meetings were halted when got the information: got to be repetitive. For whatever is left of the target bunches, information were gotten through formal individual meetings and infrequently casual meetings from 25 persons. A couple of meetings were directed through phone. In the quantitative part, all real wellbeing and wellbeing related settings accessible were incorporated so as to speak to the national wellbeing framework. It covers the settings in all geographic levels, in country, suburban, and urban regions, at three levels of health awareness, and from both government and non-government areas. Research tools: Questions for center gathering dialogs and top to bottom meetings, and in addition survey gave by ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI were deciphered into the local dialect by the analysts. Data Collection For the quantitative information, the analysts and/or the exploration partners reached the important powers for consent to gather information. The motivation behind the examination venture and additionally the methods and systems for survey study were clarified. After that the specialists and/or research aides dispersed the surveys through incidental irregular inspecting strategies. Data Analysis Quantitative information was broke down by the SPSS 9.0 product program. Spellbinding detail was utilized to represent the demographic qualities of the specimen. The contrasts of the frequencies of viciousness crosswise over different elements were dissected through Chi-square. Qualitative information was broke down by substance investigation. Assessment Results The aftereffects of this study focused around quantitative and qualitative information investigation are introduced at the same time as takes after: Demographic attributes of the specimen Size, attributes, extent of savagery Impacting variables in the connection of work environment viciousness Impacts and effect of brutality at work in the wellbeing part Individual, institutional, and deliberate reactions towards brutality Against brutality techniques For individual practices and wellbeing experts, wellbeing needs evaluation gives the chance to: Depicting the examples of ailment in the nearby populace and the distinctions from area, local, or national infection designs; Adapting all the more about the needs and needs of their patients and the neighborhood populace; Highlighting the territories of unmet need and giving an acceptable set of destinations to work towards to help; Choosing normally how to utilize assets to enhance their nearby populaces wellbeing in the best and productive way; Affecting strategy, interagency coordinated effort, or innovative work needs. Negative Results An extraordinary number of gay wellbeing work force need to disguise their sexual introduction however some like to unveil it. One male member seeing himself as female, giving an individual question on November 30, expressed that he felt extremely resentful in 21that his administrators did not acknowledge him as female. Case in point, they rebuked him for having long hair and wearing making-up. His tormenting emotions had created since he was a nursing understudy on the grounds that representation toward oneself as a female was illegal by the regulations of the school. He was exceptionally discouraged to be compelled to have short hair like guys. He said that that appearance was not he. Be that as it may, he traversed it in view of the great backing from his scholastic counselor. As a part of the nursing staff, he was here and there sexually bothered by male partners however never by patients. He said that patients never dismisses or disregarded him. His associates additionally regar ded him. Summary In this study, more than half portion of the wellbeing faculty accomplished work environment roughness in the earlier year. Verbal ill-use was the most widely recognized sort while racial provocation was the minimum basic. The best numbers of victimized people were females. Notwithstanding, guys had more inclinations to experience viciousness, particularly physical savagery, tormenting/mobbing, and racial badgering, than did females. Staff who were at danger for working environment savagery were the individuals who were adolescent, had few years of working knowledge, worked in suburban regions, worked in movements and during the evening; and had communication and physical contact with patients/customers. The lions share of culprits were patients/customers, relatives of patients/customers, and associates. Psychiatric patients and medication/liquor ill-use patients, those with head wounds, and in serious torment, were destined to be brutal and harsh. Doctors and high-position staff were liable to be misled by patients while staff parts had a tendency to be exploited by their associates. The mental attributes of culprits were seen by the subjects to be noteworthy helping components. Stress from work-over-burden and considerable changes because of changes in the wellbeing administration and common administration frameworks were different variables. At the time of study, there was no specific regulation for brutality counteractive action and control. Rules for managing forceful patients were accessible just in psychiatric units/healing centers. Recommendations The organization of counteractive action programs in every wellbeing setting ought to be empowered also upheld. The system target gatherings ought to incorporate both male and female staff, particularly youngsters and the individuals who have few years of working background. These projects can be actualized through the foundation of specific projects for roughness anticipation or coordinating them into existing work environment wellbeing advancement programs. Program exercises ought to included preparing in social and life abilities, stretch and displeasure administration aptitudes, and in addition specifically abilities for determining interpersonal clashes and managing vicious persons and circumstances. The rate of work environment roughness ought to be observed constantly at national and hierarchical levels. There ought to be specific persons or advisory groups in charge of work environment viciousness cases, including observation and observing, archiving, examination, exploited p erson payment, aid for exploited people and culprits, and culprit discipline. The advisory group ought to be touchy to this issue and proficient in all parts of work environment savagery, particularly its causes and its effect on people and associations and additionally regulations and lawful data relationship with it. Workshops for these advisory groups are proposed. Reporting the episodes ought to be energized. Systems for reporting ought to be reasonable and plausible. All the more imperatively, inspirational disposition to reporting must be created among wellbeing faculty. That is, the message of the point of making strides facultys prosperity as opposed to giving discipline ought to be made clear. Episode structures ought to be accessible and available. Unacknowledged letters will be an alternative if the staff doesn’t believe the reporting methodology. References Adler, N. E. (2008). Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=w6srDIFDWv0Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CD0Q6AEwBjgK#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Anderson TV, M. G. (n.d.). The challenge of medical practice variations. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=PA08eacjKNICpg=PA27lpg=PA27dq=Anderson+TV,+Mooney+G.+The+challenge+of+medical+practice+variations.source=blots=rzc5SRr9Jqsig=K30R8eHX29e_XSo8M5aOkebTw5Uhl=ensa=Xei=inZTVMOiIYfVarq1gvgFved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage Anne Robotham, M. F. (2010). Health Visiting: Specialist Community Public Health Nursing. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=64p0LAVYECpg=PA264dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CCkQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Daniels, N. (2007). Just Health: Meeting Health Needs Fairly. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=DrVLvi0r6JICprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=KXdTVKOGE4LeaMDlgfAOved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Green, J. (n.d.). Health Promotion: Planning and Strategies. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=x_Iyz8HPpsMCpg=PA206dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CCIQ6AEwATgK#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Kathy O, N. (2007). Putting People and Health Needs on the Map. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=gmqPqwObF8ACpg=PA30dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=dXlTVJDHLZDTaOXbgJgMved=0CC8Q6AEwAzgU#v=onepageq=health needsf=false Stevens, A. (2004). Health Care Needs Assessment: The Epidemiologically Based Needs. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=JJHIFeOD7jsCprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=KXdTVKOGE4LeaMDlgfAOved=0CEcQ6AEwCA#v=onepageq=health needsf=false

Irish Campaign in America :: essays research papers fc

Early Modern Scotland Darien Company: A Necessary Disaster?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1690s were a time of much unrest in Scotland. The Glencoe massacre had served to discredit the monarch somewhat. Recent crop failures had led to a famine which was affecting much of the country. There was also a serious downturn in Scottish trade which greatly affected the economy. In the aftermath of this came the Darien Expedition. The Darien Scheme, as it is commonly referred to today, is one of the greatest failures in Scottish history. It was poorly planned, over ambitious and doomed, not from the start as one may think, but from the moment it was taken over by Scottish businessmen. The Scottish turned what could have been an extremely successful and lucrative company into a massive controversy which was to change the face of Scottish politics forever. Despite its massive failure, it can be argued that it was a necessary disaster. This episode was the talk of Scotland from its conception until its failure. It was the controversy of the day, and it undoubt edly contributed to the necessity of the Union. As will be explained below this tragic, yet farcical, episode in Scottish history made it obvious for both the English and the Scottish, that a re-evaluation of their relationship was required. While it would be an exaggeration to claim that the Darien incident alone led to the formation of the Union, it can be said to have been the icing on the cake, the straw that broke the camel’s back or numerous other clichà ©s. Either way the importance of the Darien Company in Scottish history cannot be denied.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As mentioned above, Scottish trade had seriously begun to deteriorate. Past trade links were hampered by new foreign policies. Scotland currently had no choice but to follow England’s lead. As a result of purely English interests, the Scottish took part in wars to the determent of their own economy. The Scottish found that two of their best customers; France and the Netherlands, were now their enemies. The three Dutch wars of the seventeenth century and the two more recent wars with France had made it difficult for Scotland to maintain friendly trade with either. This greatly affected the Scottish economy which was already fragile to say the least. Also England had drawn Scotland into their economic war. Since 1660 the English had forbidden foreigners to take part in trade with English colonies, under their Navigation and Staple Acts. Irish Campaign in America :: essays research papers fc Early Modern Scotland Darien Company: A Necessary Disaster?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1690s were a time of much unrest in Scotland. The Glencoe massacre had served to discredit the monarch somewhat. Recent crop failures had led to a famine which was affecting much of the country. There was also a serious downturn in Scottish trade which greatly affected the economy. In the aftermath of this came the Darien Expedition. The Darien Scheme, as it is commonly referred to today, is one of the greatest failures in Scottish history. It was poorly planned, over ambitious and doomed, not from the start as one may think, but from the moment it was taken over by Scottish businessmen. The Scottish turned what could have been an extremely successful and lucrative company into a massive controversy which was to change the face of Scottish politics forever. Despite its massive failure, it can be argued that it was a necessary disaster. This episode was the talk of Scotland from its conception until its failure. It was the controversy of the day, and it undoubt edly contributed to the necessity of the Union. As will be explained below this tragic, yet farcical, episode in Scottish history made it obvious for both the English and the Scottish, that a re-evaluation of their relationship was required. While it would be an exaggeration to claim that the Darien incident alone led to the formation of the Union, it can be said to have been the icing on the cake, the straw that broke the camel’s back or numerous other clichà ©s. Either way the importance of the Darien Company in Scottish history cannot be denied.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As mentioned above, Scottish trade had seriously begun to deteriorate. Past trade links were hampered by new foreign policies. Scotland currently had no choice but to follow England’s lead. As a result of purely English interests, the Scottish took part in wars to the determent of their own economy. The Scottish found that two of their best customers; France and the Netherlands, were now their enemies. The three Dutch wars of the seventeenth century and the two more recent wars with France had made it difficult for Scotland to maintain friendly trade with either. This greatly affected the Scottish economy which was already fragile to say the least. Also England had drawn Scotland into their economic war. Since 1660 the English had forbidden foreigners to take part in trade with English colonies, under their Navigation and Staple Acts.